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Cortisol Saliva Collection
Print Approved Collection Methods Passive Drool SalivaBio Swabs Special Considerations Bovine hormones normally present in dairy products can cross-react with anti-cortisol antibodies and cause false results. Hormone based oral contraceptives and estrogens, may potentially interfere with cortisol levels in saliva Some steroid-based anti-inflammatory medications and multiple medications mimic the structure of cortisol and have the [...]17 Alpha-OHP Saliva Collection
Print Approved Collection Methods Passive Drool Special Considerations This analyte is sensitive to freeze-thaw degradation. Sample collection, storage, and handling should be carefully designed to minimize the impact of freeze-thaw cycles. Consider documenting parameters to estimate saliva flow-rate (ie; time taken to collect and sample volume). Consistency in collection method is recommended to avoid introducing [...]
Salivary Uric Acid
Salivary uric acid may be a useful biomarker for oxidative stress research and monitoring metabolic syndrome to help mitigate cardiometabolic risk. Several studies have reported that a linear relationship exists between uric acid levels in serum and saliva. Uric acid is the most prevalent antioxidant in blood and minimizes the systemic physiological stress of free-radical […]
Salivary Transferrin
In the bloodstream the majority of steroid hormones are bound either to non-specific proteins such as albumin or to specific proteins such as corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) or sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). These protein molecules are generally too large to diffuse from the blood stream into the saliva glands. Consequently, only the 1-15% of […]
Salivary Total Protein
Total protein is a non-specific measure of the total amount of all proteins present in a solution. It is used to examine changes in overall protein secretion in blood or saliva that are associated with disease states, or to look for differences in the ratio of specific proteins (or other analytes) to total protein that […]
Salivary TNF-Alpha
*Also available as part of the Salimetrics Cytokine Panel* Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-Alpha) is a member of a family of small biologically active proteins known as cytokines. TNF-α plays a key role in the innate inflammatory response in vertebrates. When macrophages and T cells detect an invading pathogen, they produce TNF-α, triggering local […]
Salivary Testosterone
Testosterone is an anabolic steroid hormone synthesized from androstenedione in the Leydig cells of the testes of males and, in smaller quantities, in the ovaries of females. (1) Small amounts are also secreted by the adrenal glands in both sexes. In both men and women a large portion of total testosterone production occurs in peripheral tissues by conversion of circulating DHEA-S, DHEA, and androstenedione. […]
Salivary SIgA
Secretory Immunoglobulin A (SIgA) is a subclass of Immunoglobulin A (IgA), an antibody that plays a critical role in mucosal immunity. SIgA is the main immunoglobulin found in mucous secretions from tear glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, the respiratory system, the genito-urinary tract, and the gastrointestinal tract. (1) SIgA is not synthesized by mucosal epithelial cells in […]
Salivary Progesterone
Progesterone (4-pregenene-3,20-dione) is a steroid hormone of primary importance in ovulation, fertility, pregnancy, and menopause. Synthesis of progesterone takes place in the placenta, adrenal glands, and gonads. (1-4) In normal, non-pregnant women during the mid-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, progesterone exhibits a prominent circadian rhythm with additional ultradian components. Peak production occurs in the […]
Salivary Melatonin
Analysis of melatonin in saliva effectively enables researchers to design non-invasive studies that assess circadian timing and evaluate the degree of circadian phase abnormalities in association with major diseases, conditions, administration of pharmaceutical compounds, seasonal affective disorder, jet-lag and night shift work, etc., due to a strong correlation with serum melatonin concentrations. It also pertains […]
Salivary Interleukin-6
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is one of a family of biologically active small protein molecules known as cytokines. It is released by a variety of tissues, including activated leukocytes, adipocytes, and endothelial cells, and it is involved in many processes in the body. IL-6 plays an important role in stimulating the immune response to infection or trauma […]
Salivary Interleukin-1 Beta
*Also available as part of the Salimetrics Cytokine Panel* Interleukin-1β (IL-1 beta) is one of a family of biologically active small protein molecules known as cytokines. Cytokines are produced by a number of different cell types, including macrophages, monocytes, fibroblasts, and dendritic cells. (1,2,3) IL-1β is an example of a pro-inflammatory cytokine, since it is involved […]
Salivary Insulin
Insulin, a core anabolic peptide hormone, is responsible for regulating the metabolism of nutrients such as glucose and fatty acids to promote their absorption into fat, liver, and skeletal muscle cells. It also suppresses the breakdown of proteins into amino acids. Circulating insulin levels stimulate cellular glucose oxidation, glycogenesis, lipogenesis, and proteogenesis to maintain glucose […]
Salivary Interleukin-8
Interleukin-8 (IL-8), also known as neutrophil chemotactic factor, belongs to the CXC chemokine family and mainly serves as an immune mediator of neutrophil-dependent acute inflammation (2). IL-8 is produced in various cells and tissues such as phagocytes and mesenchymal cells exposed to inflammatory stimulus, and primarily targets the recruitment and activation of neutrophil granulocytes and […]
Salivary Estrone
Estrone (3-hydroxy-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17-one; E1) is one of the three main estrogenic steroid hormones produced in humans. Circulating estrone levels are relatively high at birth in both males and females, decrease postnatally, and increase during puberty. (1) Of the three major estrogens, estrone is predominant after menopause in women. (1)